2021
Fontes-Candia, Cynthia; Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia; Ström, Anna; Martínez, Juan Carlos; Salvador, Ana; Sanz, Teresa; Trefna, Hana Dobsicek; López-Rubio, Amparo; Martínez-Sanz, Marta
Maximizing the oil content in polysaccharide-based emulsion gels for the development of tissue mimicking phantoms Artículo de revista
En: Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 256, pp. 117496, 2021, ISSN: 0144-8617.
Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Gelation, Seaweed polysaccharides, Surfactant, Tissue mimicking, X-ray scattering
@article{FONTESCANDIA2021117496,
title = {Maximizing the oil content in polysaccharide-based emulsion gels for the development of tissue mimicking phantoms},
author = {Cynthia Fontes-Candia and Patricia Lopez-Sanchez and Anna Ström and Juan Carlos Martínez and Ana Salvador and Teresa Sanz and Hana Dobsicek Trefna and Amparo López-Rubio and Marta Martínez-Sanz},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861720316696},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117496},
issn = {0144-8617},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers},
volume = {256},
pages = {117496},
abstract = {Formulations based on agar and κ-carrageenan were investigated for the production of emulsion gels applicable as tissue mimicking phantoms. The effects of the polysaccharide matrix, the oil content and the presence of surfactants on the micro-/nanostructure, rheology, and mechanical and dielectric properties were investigated. Results showed a high capacity of the agar to stabilize oil droplets, producing gels with smaller (10−21 μm) and more uniform oil droplets. The addition of surfactants allowed increasing the oil content and reduced the gel strength and stiffness down to 57 % and 34 %, respectively. The permittivity and conductivity of the gels were reduced by increasing the oil content, especially in the agar gels (18.8 and 0.05 S/m, respectively), producing materials with dielectric properties similar to those of low-water content tissues. These results evidence the suitability of these polysaccharides to design a variety of tissue mimicking phantoms with a broad range of mechanical and dielectric properties.},
keywords = {Gelation, Seaweed polysaccharides, Surfactant, Tissue mimicking, X-ray scattering},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Formulations based on agar and κ-carrageenan were investigated for the production of emulsion gels applicable as tissue mimicking phantoms. The effects of the polysaccharide matrix, the oil content and the presence of surfactants on the micro-/nanostructure, rheology, and mechanical and dielectric properties were investigated. Results showed a high capacity of the agar to stabilize oil droplets, producing gels with smaller (10−21 μm) and more uniform oil droplets. The addition of surfactants allowed increasing the oil content and reduced the gel strength and stiffness down to 57 % and 34 %, respectively. The permittivity and conductivity of the gels were reduced by increasing the oil content, especially in the agar gels (18.8 and 0.05 S/m, respectively), producing materials with dielectric properties similar to those of low-water content tissues. These results evidence the suitability of these polysaccharides to design a variety of tissue mimicking phantoms with a broad range of mechanical and dielectric properties.
2020
Fontes-Candia, Cynthia; Ström, Anna; Gómez-Mascaraque, Laura G.; López-Rubio, Amparo; Martínez-Sanz, Marta
Understanding nanostructural differences in hydrogels from commercial carrageenans: Combined small angle X-ray scattering and rheological studies Artículo de revista
En: Algal Research, vol. 47, pp. 101882, 2020, ISSN: 2211-9264.
Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Food texture, Gelation, Polysaccharide, Scattering, Seaweed
@article{FONTESCANDIA2020101882,
title = {Understanding nanostructural differences in hydrogels from commercial carrageenans: Combined small angle X-ray scattering and rheological studies},
author = {Cynthia Fontes-Candia and Anna Ström and Laura G. Gómez-Mascaraque and Amparo López-Rubio and Marta Martínez-Sanz},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926419309932},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101882},
issn = {2211-9264},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Algal Research},
volume = {47},
pages = {101882},
abstract = {Hydrogels from commercial carrageenans (κ-C, ι-C, λ↑-C (high viscosity) and λ↓-C (low viscosity)) were prepared with and without the addition of salts (KCl and CaCl2). FT-IR and 1H NMR characterization evidenced that while the κ-C and ι-C grades were relatively pure carrageenans, the two λ-C grades were λ-, κ-, θ- and μ-carrageenan hybrids. The effect of carrageenan and salt concentration on the hydrogel strength were evaluated through a response surface design and a detailed structural characterization was carried out by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology. The low amount of sulphate substitution in κ-C enabled intramolecular association, giving rise to strong hydrogels, even in the absence of salts. On the other hand, ι-C, λ↑-C and λ↓-C produced much weaker hydrogels and required the addition of salts to induce intramolecular association by ionic cross-linking. SAXS results suggested the formation of similar structures of double helices in κ-C and ι-C with the addition of salts; however, distinct network structures were attained. In the case of κ-C, a Gauss-Lorentz gel model was suitable to describe the hydrogel structure and the addition of K+ promoted the formation of more ordered and densely packed structures. On the other hand, larger but weaker aggregates, with marked periodicity, were observed in ι-C, with Ca2+ inducing the formation of more densely packed networks. The complex composition of the λ-C grades gave rise to more heterogeneous branched network structures, properly described by a correlation length model, where the gelation mechanism was mostly governed by the κ-carrageenan component.},
keywords = {Food texture, Gelation, Polysaccharide, Scattering, Seaweed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hydrogels from commercial carrageenans (κ-C, ι-C, λ↑-C (high viscosity) and λ↓-C (low viscosity)) were prepared with and without the addition of salts (KCl and CaCl2). FT-IR and 1H NMR characterization evidenced that while the κ-C and ι-C grades were relatively pure carrageenans, the two λ-C grades were λ-, κ-, θ- and μ-carrageenan hybrids. The effect of carrageenan and salt concentration on the hydrogel strength were evaluated through a response surface design and a detailed structural characterization was carried out by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology. The low amount of sulphate substitution in κ-C enabled intramolecular association, giving rise to strong hydrogels, even in the absence of salts. On the other hand, ι-C, λ↑-C and λ↓-C produced much weaker hydrogels and required the addition of salts to induce intramolecular association by ionic cross-linking. SAXS results suggested the formation of similar structures of double helices in κ-C and ι-C with the addition of salts; however, distinct network structures were attained. In the case of κ-C, a Gauss-Lorentz gel model was suitable to describe the hydrogel structure and the addition of K+ promoted the formation of more ordered and densely packed structures. On the other hand, larger but weaker aggregates, with marked periodicity, were observed in ι-C, with Ca2+ inducing the formation of more densely packed networks. The complex composition of the λ-C grades gave rise to more heterogeneous branched network structures, properly described by a correlation length model, where the gelation mechanism was mostly governed by the κ-carrageenan component.
Fontes-Candia, Cynthia; Ström, Anna; Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia; López-Rubio, Amparo; Martínez-Sanz, Marta
Rheological and structural characterization of carrageenan emulsion gels Artículo de revista
En: Algal Research, vol. 47, pp. 101873, 2020, ISSN: 2211-9264.
Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Fat replacement, Gelation, Polysaccharide, Scattering, Seaweed
@article{FONTESCANDIA2020101873,
title = {Rheological and structural characterization of carrageenan emulsion gels},
author = {Cynthia Fontes-Candia and Anna Ström and Patricia Lopez-Sanchez and Amparo López-Rubio and Marta Martínez-Sanz},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926419312482},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101873},
issn = {2211-9264},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Algal Research},
volume = {47},
pages = {101873},
abstract = {Carrageenan emulsion gels containing sunflower oil were prepared using three different commercial carrageenan grades (κ-C, ι-C and λ-C). The effect of the carrageenan and salt content, as well as the oil:water ratio, on the emulsion gel strength was evaluated through a response surface methodology. Moreover, the rheological properties and the micro- and nanostructure from the stronger emulsion gel formulations were investigated and compared to their analogous hydrogel formulations. Interestingly, emulsion gels formed stronger and more thermally stable networks than the hydrogels, being this effect more evident in ι-C and λ-C. The results indicate that this was mainly due to a polysaccharide concentration effect, as no evidence of interactions between the carrageenan and the oil phase was found. Consequently, the rheological behaviour of the emulsion gels was mostly determined by the type of carrageenan. The association of carrageenan molecular chains was favoured in κ-C and λ-C (due to the presence of κ-carrageenan in the latter) and promoted by the addition of KCl. In contrast, a lower degree of chain association, mostly driven by ionic cross-linking, took place in ι-C. These results evidence the relevance of the gelation mechanism on the properties of emulsion gels and provide the basis for the design of these systems for targeted applications within the food industry.},
keywords = {Fat replacement, Gelation, Polysaccharide, Scattering, Seaweed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Carrageenan emulsion gels containing sunflower oil were prepared using three different commercial carrageenan grades (κ-C, ι-C and λ-C). The effect of the carrageenan and salt content, as well as the oil:water ratio, on the emulsion gel strength was evaluated through a response surface methodology. Moreover, the rheological properties and the micro- and nanostructure from the stronger emulsion gel formulations were investigated and compared to their analogous hydrogel formulations. Interestingly, emulsion gels formed stronger and more thermally stable networks than the hydrogels, being this effect more evident in ι-C and λ-C. The results indicate that this was mainly due to a polysaccharide concentration effect, as no evidence of interactions between the carrageenan and the oil phase was found. Consequently, the rheological behaviour of the emulsion gels was mostly determined by the type of carrageenan. The association of carrageenan molecular chains was favoured in κ-C and λ-C (due to the presence of κ-carrageenan in the latter) and promoted by the addition of KCl. In contrast, a lower degree of chain association, mostly driven by ionic cross-linking, took place in ι-C. These results evidence the relevance of the gelation mechanism on the properties of emulsion gels and provide the basis for the design of these systems for targeted applications within the food industry.
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